Melski J W, Soter N A
Cutis. 1979 Apr;23(4):434-9.
The term vasculitis describes a variety of inflammatory changes in vessels. The most common type to affect the skin is a necrotizing venulitis associated with a neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate. The most frequent presentation is palpable purpura on the lower extremities, but the lesions may include urticaria and ulcers. A diagnosis of cutaneous necrotizing venulitis obliges the physician to search for the cause, associated diseases, and the extent of the vascular involvement. Antigens, either in circulating immune complexes or as haptens bound to vessel proteins, are presumed to trigger immmune responses. The differentiation of large from small vessel disease and the prediction of systemic involvement may be difficult in a specific patient. Treatment, other than removal of the antigen, is theoretic or anecdotal.
血管炎这一术语描述了血管中的多种炎症变化。影响皮肤的最常见类型是与嗜中性多形核白细胞浸润相关的坏死性静脉炎。最常见的表现是下肢可触及的紫癜，但病变可能包括荨麻疹和溃疡。皮肤坏死性静脉炎的诊断要求医生寻找病因、相关疾病以及血管受累的程度。循环免疫复合物中的抗原或与血管蛋白结合的半抗原被认为会触发免疫反应。在特定患者中，区分大血管疾病和小血管疾病以及预测全身受累情况可能很困难。除了去除抗原外，治疗方法只是理论上的或基于经验的。
