Robertson R M, Laverack M S
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1979 Nov 30;206(1163):235-63. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1979.0103.
The musculature and innervation of the oesophagus of Homarus gammarus are described as a prerequisite to studies on the mechanisms and control of food ingestion. Of particular interest are two paired sensors (the anterior and posterior oesophageal sensors) which are bilaterally situated at the oesophageal-cardiac sac valve. These are similar to contact chemoreceptors previously described in insects and are classified as such on morphological grounds and with indirect electrophysiological evidence. Oesophageal peristalsis is effected by the coordinated contraction of the Oesophageal musculature. This is controlled by rhythmical bursting neuronal activity, which can be recorded from the nerve trunks in the area. A characteristic burst recorded from the superior oesophageal nerve is used as an indication of oesophageal dilatation during peristalsis for studies on the feedback effects of the oesophageal sensors. Electrical and chemical stimulation of the posterior oesophageal sensors can initiate and increase the frequency of oesophageal peristalsis, while stimulation of the anterior oesophageal sensors can slow and terminate oesophageal peristalsis. The results are discussed and a model presented of the role of the oesophageal sensors in feeding.
作为研究食物摄取机制和控制的前提条件，本文描述了欧洲螯虾食管的肌肉组织和神经支配。特别值得关注的是两个成对的传感器（食管前传感器和食管后传感器），它们位于食管-贲门囊瓣膜的两侧。这些传感器类似于先前在昆虫中描述的接触化学感受器，基于形态学依据并结合间接电生理学证据被归类为此类。食管蠕动是由食管肌肉组织的协同收缩实现的。这由有节律的爆发性神经元活动控制，这种活动可以从该区域的神经干记录下来。从食管上神经记录到的特征性爆发被用作食管蠕动期间食管扩张的指标，用于研究食管传感器的反馈作用。对食管后传感器进行电刺激和化学刺激可以启动并增加食管蠕动的频率，而对食管前传感器进行刺激则可以减缓并终止食管蠕动。本文对结果进行了讨论，并提出了一个关于食管传感器在进食中作用的模型。
