Hayslip B, Sterns H L
J Gerontol. 1979 May;34(3):404-14. doi: 10.1093/geronj/34.3.404.
One hundred and sixty-two subjects at three age levels were tested to examine the relationship between crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf) abilities and three problem solving tasks varying in the abstractness concreteness of their stimuli and emphasis on past experience. It was predicted that the difference in correlations between crystallized and fluid abilities and each of these tasks would increase with increased age. The hypotheses were partially supported in the young and elderly groups of subjects. On tasks using concrete stimuli, emphasizing past experience, where no cross-sectional decline was observed, Gc (relative to Gf) accounted for an increasing proportion of variance in performance with increased age. On tasks using abstract stimuli, de-emphasizing past experience, where significant cross-sectional declines were obtained, Gf (relative to Gc) correlated more highly with performance. Contrary to previous research, relationships between Gf and Bc supported a reintegration of abilities in old age.
对三个年龄层的162名受试者进行了测试，以检验晶态能力（Gc）和液态能力（Gf）与三项问题解决任务之间的关系，这三项任务的刺激抽象度和具体度不同，对过去经验的强调程度也不同。研究预测，晶态能力和液态能力与每项任务之间的相关性差异会随着年龄增长而增大。这些假设在年轻和老年受试者组中得到了部分支持。在使用具体刺激、强调过去经验且未观察到横断面下降的任务中，随着年龄增长，Gc（相对于Gf）在表现差异中所占比例越来越大。在使用抽象刺激、不强调过去经验且获得显著横断面下降的任务中，Gf（相对于Gc）与表现的相关性更高。与先前的研究相反，Gf和Bc之间的关系支持了老年期能力的重新整合。
