Ward R A
J Gerontol. 1979 May;34(3):438-45. doi: 10.1093/geronj/34.3.438.
Studies have indicated little association between participation in voluntary associations by older people and well-being. This may reflect self-selection by well-to-do older people who are "joiners" or a lack of truly involving group roles. From interviews with 323 persons over 60, it was found that active group participation yielded more "meaningful" reasons for enjoyment, and card-playing less meaningful reasons. Such reasons for group participation as contacts with others and passing the time were associated with lower satisfaction. On the whole, however, type of activity and reasons for participation had little relationship to life satisfaction, since they largely reflected health and socioeconomic status differences.
研究表明，老年人参与志愿社团与幸福感之间几乎没有关联。这可能反映了富裕的“爱社交”老年人的自我选择，或者是缺乏真正有参与感的群体角色。通过对323名60岁以上老人的访谈发现，积极参与群体活动能带来更“有意义”的享受理由，而打牌带来的意义则较小。诸如与他人交往和打发时间等参与群体活动的理由与较低的满意度相关。然而总体而言，活动类型和参与理由与生活满意度关系不大，因为它们很大程度上反映了健康状况和社会经济地位的差异。
