Strauss H R, Morgan M J, Hamilton M K
Am Surg. 1979 Mar;45(3):144-50.
Although external fixation is not indicated in every type of facial fracture, its use alone or with intermaxillary or internal fixation may be of benefit with problems resulting from avulsed segments, infection, inadequate previous reduction, delayed reduction, severe displacement and comminution, non-union, cerebrospinal fluid leak or where a combination of these factors exists. The judicious application of extraskeletal fixation can save valuable anesthetic time as well as assure accesibility of the pharynx and maintenance of an airway and routes for nutrition when these might otherwise be compromised. Although extraskeletal fixation is not withou problems or contraindications, it must be weighed in view of the patient's physical, mental and neurological status, and the existence of concomitant injuries.
尽管并非每种面部骨折都需要使用外固定，但单独使用或与颌间固定或内固定联合使用外固定，对于因撕脱性骨折段、感染、先前复位不足、延迟复位、严重移位和粉碎、骨不连、脑脊液漏或存在这些因素组合而导致的问题可能有益。当咽腔、气道及营养通道可能受到影响时，合理应用骨外固定可节省宝贵的麻醉时间，并确保咽腔可及性、气道维持及营养通道畅通。尽管骨外固定并非没有问题或禁忌证，但必须根据患者的身体、精神和神经状况以及是否存在合并伤来权衡其利弊。
