病毒中的脂质
Lipids in viruses.
作者信息
Blough H A, Tiffany J M
出版信息
Adv Lipid Res. 1973;11:267-339. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-024911-4.50014-3.
This chapter discusses lipids in viruses. Lipid forms an integral part of many viruses and exists either in the form of a continuous envelope or in lipoprotein complexes that surround a nucleoprotein core or helix. In general, the envelope can be described as a molecular container for the genetic material of the virus. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and are not known to carry genetic coding for enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. Hence, they generally contain the same classes of lipid as are found in the host cell or their membrane of assembly. Lipids make up 20–35% by weight of most viruses; however, there are exceptions such as vaccinia virus, which has only 5% lipid despite having a complex multimembrane envelope structure. Naked herpesvirus capsids closely resemble non-lipid-containing viruses such as adenovirus or polyoma virus, which are also assembled in the nucleus but show full infectivity without any envelope. Both naked and enveloped herpesvirus particles are found in infected cells; however, only enveloped particles are found in extracellular fluids.
本章讨论病毒中的脂质。脂质是许多病毒的重要组成部分，以连续包膜的形式存在，或存在于围绕核蛋白核心或螺旋的脂蛋白复合物中。一般来说，包膜可被描述为病毒遗传物质的分子容器。病毒是专性细胞内寄生虫，已知它们不携带参与脂质合成的酶的遗传编码。因此，它们通常含有与宿主细胞或其组装膜中相同种类的脂质。脂质占大多数病毒重量的20% - 35%；然而，也有例外，如痘苗病毒，尽管其具有复杂的多膜包膜结构，但脂质含量仅为5%。裸露的疱疹病毒衣壳与不含脂质的病毒（如腺病毒或多瘤病毒）非常相似，这些病毒也在细胞核中组装，但在没有任何包膜的情况下仍具有完全的感染性。在受感染细胞中可发现裸露的和有包膜的疱疹病毒颗粒；然而，在细胞外液中仅能发现有包膜的颗粒。
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