Formation of abdominal cyst secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

The formation of an abdominal cyst is an uncommon complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Three cases are presented in this paper and 21 previously reported cases and reviewed. The authors believe that decreased absorptive power of the peritoneum as a result of adhesions from previous multiple abdominal procedures or infection (particularly by Staphylococcus epidermidis), or both, is of etiologic significance. The patients presented with abdominal swelling and tenderness due to a malfunctioning shunt. Early diagnosis is possible by roentgenography of the abdomen and radioisotope scanning of the shunt. Paracentesis with conversion of the shunt to a ventriculoatrial or ventriculocisternal type is the treatment of choice.