Wehrmacher W H, Talano J V, Kaye M P, Randall W C
Cardiology. 1979;64(2):65-74. doi: 10.1159/000170580.
The heart often appears to function independently because it can maintain regular activity even when isolated from the rest of the body. Likewise, it maintains its regularity in the midst of powerful but balanced neural and pressure influences. Experimental situations designed to unbalance these forces produce rhythm disturbances resembling those encountered clinically. Unbalancing of the sympathetic supply with the parasympathetic supply totally obliterated, leads to tachycardias of various origin which are eliminated by adrenergic blockade. Removing the sinoatrial node results in atrial brady-tachyarrhythmia, eliminated by cholinergic blockade. Unbalancing the pressure load results in premature ventricular contractions that are clearly not mediated by external neural controls. Cardiac rhythm disturbances thus result from a variety of forces that may be readily tolerated when balanced by opposing forces but cannot be controlled without that buffer.
心脏常常看似能独立运作，因为即便与身体其他部分分离，它仍能维持规律活动。同样，在强大但平衡的神经和压力影响下，它也能保持其节律性。旨在打破这些力量平衡的实验情形会产生类似于临床中所遇到的节律紊乱。交感神经与副交感神经供应完全失衡时，会导致各种起源的心动过速，而这些心动过速可通过肾上腺素能阻滞剂消除。去除窦房结会导致房性缓速心律失常，胆碱能阻滞剂可消除这种心律失常。压力负荷失衡会导致室性早搏，显然这并非由外部神经控制介导。因此，心脏节律紊乱是由多种力量导致的，当这些力量被相反的力量平衡时，可能很容易被耐受，但如果没有这种缓冲，就无法得到控制。
