Rothwell T L, Dineen J K, Love R J
Immunology. 1971 Dec;21(6):925-38.
The role of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in resistance to in the guinea-pig has been investigated by studying the effect of amine antagonists (promethazine, mepyramine and methysergide), inhibitors of amine synthesis (α-hydrazino analogue of histidine and α-methyl dopa), depletion of tissue stores of the amines with reserpine and by attempts to elevate levels of the amines by oral administration of the amines and their immediate metabolic precursors (L-histidine, L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-DL-tryptophan). The results show that promethazine suppressed the development of resistance during a primary infection and inhibited expulsion of the parasite in actively and adoptively immunized animals. Mepyramine and the α-hydrazino analogue of histidine inhibited expulsion of the parasite in actively immunized guinea-pigs although methysergide and α-methyl dopa were not effective. Reserpine suppressed rejection of a challenge infection in actively and adoptively immunized animals, and oral administration of the histamine precursor (L-histidine) and 5-hydroxytryptamine increased the resistance which develops during a primary infection. These results show that histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine play roles in the mechanism of resistance to in the guinea-pig. It is suggested that the mechanism of resistance to the helminth is biphasic. The first phase is immunologically specific and probably involves interaction between antigens and sensitized lymphocytes, which acts as a trigger for myeloid (eosinophil and basophil) involvement and the release of pharmacologically active amines. The second phase, which is non-specific, appears to be the final effector mechanism, and involves the rejection of the parasites either directly or indirectly by the action of the amines.
通过研究胺类拮抗剂（异丙嗪、美吡拉敏和甲基麦角新碱）、胺类合成抑制剂（组氨酸的α-肼基类似物和α-甲基多巴）、利血平对胺类组织储存的消耗作用，以及尝试通过口服胺类及其直接代谢前体（L-组氨酸、L-色氨酸和5-羟基-DL-色氨酸）来提高胺类水平，研究了组胺和5-羟色胺在豚鼠抗[寄生虫名称未给出]感染中的作用。结果表明，异丙嗪在初次感染期间抑制了抵抗力的发展，并在主动免疫和过继免疫的动物中抑制了寄生虫的排出。美吡拉敏和组氨酸的α-肼基类似物在主动免疫的豚鼠中抑制了寄生虫的排出，尽管甲基麦角新碱和α-甲基多巴无效。利血平在主动免疫和过继免疫的动物中抑制了攻击感染的排斥反应，口服组胺前体（L-组氨酸）和5-羟色胺增加了初次感染期间产生的抵抗力。这些结果表明，组胺和5-羟色胺在豚鼠抗[寄生虫名称未给出]感染的机制中发挥作用。有人提出，抗蠕虫的机制是双相的。第一阶段是免疫特异性的，可能涉及抗原与致敏淋巴细胞之间的相互作用，这作为髓样细胞（嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞）参与和药理活性胺释放的触发因素。第二阶段是非特异性的，似乎是最终的效应机制，涉及通过胺的作用直接或间接排斥寄生虫。
