新生大鼠和豚鼠对3000至5000米模拟海拔高度的适应性

Acclimatization of newborn rats and guinea pigs to 3000 to 5000 m simulated altitudes.

作者信息

Bartels H, Bartels R, Rathschlag-Schaefer A M, Röbbel H, Lüdders S

出版信息

Respir Physiol. 1979 Apr;36(3):375-89. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(79)90049-5.

Abstract

Two species of newborn rodents (guinea pigs and rats) were acclimatized to simulated altitudes of 3000 to 6000 m during 2 to 8 weeks after birth. Body weight increase was significantly retarded in both species at altitudes of 5000 m and higher. Heart weight relative to body weight increased by 50% at 3000 m and 300% at 5000 m (after 7 weeks) in rats but was only 17% increased even at 5000 (6 weeks) in guinea pigs. Relative lung weights increased by 40% at 3000 m in rats and 5000 m in guinea pigs; at 5000 m rats showed a 130% increase. Hb-concentration increase (20%) was not significantly different in rats at 3000 m and 5000 m, respectively, in guinea pigs it was below 10% at 3000 m and around 40% at 5000 m. Half saturation pressures of blood (P50) increased in rats significantly compared to controls but not in guinea pigs. The results suggest that relative maturity and high blood oxygen affinity in newborn guinea pigs favor high altitude acclimatization. Immaturity of newborn rats, their low blood oxygen affinity and immature enzyme patterns are considered as reasons for the smaller resistance against high altitude stress compared to guinea pigs.

摘要

两种新生啮齿动物（豚鼠和大鼠）在出生后2至8周内适应了3000至6000米的模拟海拔高度。在海拔5000米及以上时，两种动物的体重增长均显著减缓。大鼠在海拔3000米时心脏重量相对于体重增加了50%，在海拔5000米时（7周后）增加了300%，而豚鼠即使在海拔5000米（6周）时心脏重量相对于体重仅增加了17%。大鼠在海拔3000米时相对肺重量增加了40%，豚鼠在海拔5000米时相对肺重量增加；在海拔5000米时大鼠相对肺重量增加了130%。大鼠在海拔3000米和5000米时血红蛋白浓度增加（20%）无显著差异，豚鼠在海拔3000米时低于10%，在海拔5000米时约为40%。与对照组相比，大鼠血液的半饱和压力（P50）显著增加，而豚鼠则没有。结果表明，新生豚鼠的相对成熟度和高血氧亲和力有利于高原适应。新生大鼠的不成熟、低血氧亲和力和不成熟的酶模式被认为是其与豚鼠相比对高原应激抵抗力较小的原因。