[Nutrition of pregnant women (author's transl)].

The increase of energy supply during pregnancy by about 300 kcal (= 1.3 MJ) applies only to the last three months. During lactation an additional energy supply of about 800 kcal (= 3,3 MJ) is required. At the beginning of pregnancy the individual body weight is recommended to be within the standard limits of optimal weight depending on body height, body structure and body composition. On this base the individual energy supply should be estimated. Data, basing on physiological values refer to the daily intake of protein, fat and carbohydrates. Furthermore, reliable recommendations are given as to the intake of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, iodine, sodium, potassium and chloride for pregnant as well as lactating women. Approximate values are supplied for other essential minerals. The vitamin supply during gravidity and lactation is studied in detail, especially as to the vitamins A, D, E, B1, B2, niacin, B6, folic acid, B12 and ascorbinic acid. Unsystematic substitutions of vitamins and minerals during gravidity are not indicated. Finally common basic principles for nutrition of pregnant women are laid down.