Cathcart-Rake W F, Kyner J L, Azarnoff D L
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1979 Jul;26(1):89-95. doi: 10.1002/cpt197926189.
We investigated the effect of intravenous infusions of aminophylline on plasma glucose, insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG), growth hormone (HGH), cortisol, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in healthy young subjects. Six received an intravenous loading dose of aminophylline (6.0 mg/kg over 20 min) followed by a maintenance dose (0.9 mg/kg/hr) for 100 min. Another 7 subjects initially received smaller loading (3.0 mg/kg) and maintenance (0.45 mg/kg/hr) doses, and after 60 min they received a second loading dose (3.0 mg/kg) followed by a larger maintenance dose (0.9 mg/kg/hr) over 120 min. In these fasting volunteers, infusion of aminophylline, which produced theophylline levels in the usual therapeutic range (10 to 20 microgram/ml) caused small increases in plasma glucose levels without changing IRI, IRG, HGH, or cortisol. There were rapid, pronounced, and prolonged rises in FFA associated with the aminophylline infusion. Increases in FFA paralleled the rise in theophylline levels. It is concluded that routine therapeutic doses of theophylline, i.e., doses that achieve serum levels normally encountered in treatment for bronchial asthma, cause a marked rise in FFA and a slight rise in glucose (8 +/- 3 mg/dl) without changing levels of IRI, IRG, HGH, or cortisol.
我们研究了静脉输注氨茶碱对健康年轻受试者血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素（IRI）、胰高血糖素（IRG）、生长激素（HGH）、皮质醇和游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平的影响。6名受试者接受了静脉负荷剂量的氨茶碱（20分钟内6.0毫克/千克），随后是维持剂量（0.9毫克/千克/小时），持续100分钟。另外7名受试者最初接受较小的负荷剂量（3.0毫克/千克）和维持剂量（0.45毫克/千克/小时），60分钟后他们接受了第二次负荷剂量（3.0毫克/千克），随后在120分钟内接受较大的维持剂量（0.9毫克/千克/小时）。在这些空腹志愿者中，输注氨茶碱使茶碱水平达到通常的治疗范围（10至20微克/毫升），导致血浆葡萄糖水平略有升高，而IRI、IRG、HGH或皮质醇水平未发生变化。与氨茶碱输注相关的FFA出现快速、显著且持续的升高。FFA的升高与茶碱水平的升高平行。结论是，常规治疗剂量的茶碱，即达到支气管哮喘治疗中通常遇到的血清水平的剂量，会导致FFA显著升高和葡萄糖略有升高（8±3毫克/分升），而不改变IRI、IRG、HGH或皮质醇水平。
