Bokina A I, Merkur'yeva R V, Eksler N D, Oleynik A A, Pinigina I I
Environ Health Perspect. 1979 Jun;30:31-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.793031.
The task of the second stage of Soviet-American cooperation on the problem of environmental health science was to explain the question of the comparative sensitivity of methods used in both countries, as well as the indices of harmful effects for the same toxic substance (carbon disulfide), with the purpose of determining the most informative methods of assessing the influence of atmospheric pollutants on organisms. The application of neurophysiological research methods (recording total electrical activity of the cortex and cortical structures of the brain, studying amplitude-time characteristics of averaged evoked potentials of the optical cortex, investigating sensory and convulsive thresholds) has made it possible to explain the neurophysiological basis of the effect of carbon disulfide on the central nervous system-the perturbation of cortical inhibition processes and the increase of excitation in amygdalate structures, both of which play an important role in the fixation process of temporary connection. The compilation of data from neurophysiological and neurochemical investigations show that neurophysiological changes are associated primarily with a decrease in enzymic breakdown of free neuraminic acid. The study of the average evoked potentials in humans during exposure to carbon disulfide concentrations of 0.09 mg/m(3) revealed a tendency to decrease the short latent amplitude components and increase the long latent amplitude components of the averaged evoked potentials. The study of operant behavior in rats revealed a characteristic change in the instrumental alimentary reactions under long-term (3 months) exposure of carbon disulfide to a concentration of 16 mg/m(3). IN THIS MANNER, THE FOLLOWING WERE DEVELOPED IN EXPERIMENTS WITH ANIMALS AND RESEARCH ON HUMANS: indices of the harmful effects of neurotropic toxic substances, a change in operant behavior, a decrease in the amplitude of total electrical activity, a change in time-amplitude parameters of evoked potentials, and a decrease in post-discharge convulsion thresholds in the cortical-medial nucleus of the amygdala. Neurophysiological and neurochemical research methods have proven to be the most sensitive and informative of the methods used. These criteria and methods are recommended for determining threshold levels of various neurotropic toxic substances which pollute the atmosphere.
美苏在环境卫生科学问题上合作的第二阶段任务是解释两国所使用方法的相对敏感性问题，以及同一有毒物质（二硫化碳）的有害影响指标，目的是确定评估大气污染物对生物体影响的最具信息性的方法。神经生理学研究方法的应用（记录大脑皮层和皮层结构的总电活动、研究视皮层平均诱发电位的振幅-时间特性、研究感觉阈值和惊厥阈值）使得解释二硫化碳对中枢神经系统影响的神经生理学基础成为可能——皮层抑制过程的紊乱以及杏仁核结构中兴奋的增加，这两者在暂时联系的固定过程中都起着重要作用。神经生理学和神经化学研究数据的汇编表明，神经生理学变化主要与游离神经氨酸酶促分解的减少有关。对人类在接触浓度为0.09毫克/立方米的二硫化碳期间平均诱发电位的研究表明，平均诱发电位的短潜伏期振幅成分有降低趋势，长潜伏期振幅成分有增加趋势。对大鼠操作行为的研究表明，在二硫化碳长期（3个月）暴露于浓度为16毫克/立方米的情况下，工具性摄食反应有特征性变化。通过这种方式，在动物实验和人体研究中得出了以下结果：神经毒性物质的有害影响指标、操作行为的变化、总电活动振幅的降低、诱发电位时间-振幅参数的变化以及杏仁核皮质内侧核放电后惊厥阈值的降低。神经生理学和神经化学研究方法已被证明是所用方法中最敏感且最具信息性的。建议将这些标准和方法用于确定污染大气的各种神经毒性物质的阈值水平。
