The kidney in hemoglobinopathies.

The kidney is one of the major target organs of pathologic involvement in sickle-cell anemia. Microthrombi, according to their extent and location, produce functional and structural defects in the kidney. Isosthenuria, papillary necrosis, atypical renal vein thromboses are the expressions of the vascular obliteration in sickle cell renal disease.