Investigation and management of varicose veins.

The aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the lower limb which are concerned with venous return from the leg and its disorders are explored. It is shown that an understanding of the pathophysiology of this group of disorders forms the basis of a clinical classification. Recent advances in methods of assessment of the varicose leg are considered and it is shown that these can be used to supplement clinical evaluation. Finally, the relative merits of the two main methods of treatment are discussed.