Passouant P
Encephale. 1979;5(5 Suppl):533-45.
Sleep is affected in depression; insomnia is common, sleep of normal duration and hypersomnia less common. All-night studies have shown changes of the two types of sleep. Deep non-REM sleep is abolished during the course of the illness and sometimes also after remission. Paradoxical sleep, which may be reduced or increased in duration, starts sooner after the onset of sleep. According to Kupfler, ease of production of that sleep is specific to primary depression, unipolar or bipolar. A possible relationship between paradoxical sleep and certain types of depression is suggested by the fact that the tricyclic and MAOI antidepressant drugs and lithium reduce or suppress that sleep. Finally, deprivation of paradoxical sleep by repeated waking during the night has been put forward as a form of treatment. Despite the heterogeneous nature of depression, findings at present which show paradoxical sleep pressure provide a pathophysiological basis for the biological problems posed.
睡眠在抑郁症中会受到影响；失眠很常见，正常时长的睡眠和嗜睡则较少见。整夜睡眠研究显示了两种睡眠类型的变化。在疾病过程中，深度非快速眼动睡眠会消失，有时在缓解后也会消失。快速眼动睡眠的时长可能减少或增加，且在睡眠开始后更快出现。根据库普弗勒的说法，产生这种睡眠的易感性是原发性抑郁症（单相或双相）所特有的。三环类和单胺氧化酶抑制剂抗抑郁药物以及锂盐会减少或抑制这种睡眠，这一事实表明快速眼动睡眠与某些类型的抑郁症之间可能存在关联。最后，夜间反复唤醒导致的快速眼动睡眠剥夺已被提出作为一种治疗形式。尽管抑郁症具有异质性，但目前显示快速眼动睡眠压力的研究结果为所提出的生物学问题提供了病理生理学基础。
