Smirnov P M, Kidin V V, Pedishyus R K
Biol Bull Acad Sci USSR. 1979 Jul-Aug;6(4):450-9.
A series of experiments showed the quantity and composition of nitrogen lost in gaseous form from fertilizers in soil is largely determined by the conditions of denitrification. Loss of nitrogen from ammonium sulfate or calcium nitrate was mainly through the release of nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen, while nitrogen was released from sodium nitrite in the form of nitric oxide. Under anaerobic conditions and at neutral soil pH in the presence of glucose, the more reduced gaseous forms of nitrogen were released. However, the oxides of nitrogen predominated under conditions unfavorable for denitrification. The nitrogen oxides were not the terminal products of nitrogen conversion (nitrates and nitrites). By a process of dissimilation, the nitrogen oxides acted as electron acceptors for microorganisms, being converted to N2O and N2. The reduction of NO generally led to the formation of N2O as an intermediate, and depended on pH, aeration, and the presence of an energy source for the denitrifying organisms.
一系列实验表明，土壤中肥料以气态形式损失的氮的数量和组成在很大程度上取决于反硝化作用的条件。硫酸铵或硝酸钙中的氮损失主要是通过一氧化二氮和分子氮的释放，而亚硝酸钠中的氮则以一氧化氮的形式释放。在厌氧条件下，土壤pH值为中性且存在葡萄糖时，会释放出更多还原态的气态氮。然而，在不利于反硝化作用的条件下，氮氧化物占主导地位。氮氧化物不是氮转化（硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐）的最终产物。通过异化过程，氮氧化物作为微生物的电子受体，被转化为N2O和N2。NO的还原通常会导致形成中间产物N2O，并且取决于pH值、通气情况以及反硝化生物的能量来源。
