Hatch T F
Bull World Health Organ. 1972;47(2):151-9.
Recognized limits of permissible exposure to hazardous airborne substances adopted by different countries for industrial health protection may differ by a factor of 10. A Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health in 1969 was unable to recommend a single set of values as international standards for more than a few toxic agents. The greatest differences are in the tolerance limits employed in the USA and in the USSR. The reasons for this substantial disagreement are discussed in this paper and are explained in terms of fundamental differences in the psychophysiological criteria employed to establish safe limits between the maintenance of good health and the development of a significant threat to the health. Some practical implications in the selection of permissible limits of exposure by developing countries are discussed in relation to living standards, endemic disease, climate, and geographical situation.
不同国家为保护工业健康而采用的公认的有害空气传播物质允许接触限值可能相差10倍。1969年国际劳工组织/世界卫生组织职业健康联合委员会无法就超过少数几种有毒物质的单一套数值作为国际标准提出建议。最大的差异存在于美国和苏联采用的耐受限值中。本文讨论了这种重大分歧的原因，并从用于确定健康维护与对健康构成重大威胁之间安全限值的心理生理标准的根本差异方面进行了解释。还结合生活水平、地方病、气候和地理情况讨论了发展中国家在选择接触允许限值方面的一些实际影响。
