Golladay E S, Donahoo J S, Haller J A
J Trauma. 1979 Jul;19(7):526-31.
Cardiac injuries occur infrequently in children. Although the mechanisms of injury are not unique to the pediatric age group, the frequency of the various injuries is quite different. This unusual nature dictates an enhanced awareness for proper management. Twenty cases were recognized in a 16-year retrospective review. There were six children with perforations from cardiac catheterizations, ten children with penetrating injuries, and four children with blunt injuries. Two of the children with blunt injuries presented as myocardial contusion and one child survived blunt rupture of the right atrium. Only one death occurred in the series--a newborn baby who died from an unrecognized cardiac tamponade secondary to perforation of the right ventricle during catheterization. The diagnosis and special techniques for management of injuries due to catheter perforation and blunt injuries of the heart in infants and children are discussed.
心脏损伤在儿童中并不常见。虽然损伤机制并非小儿年龄组所特有，但各种损伤的发生率却有很大差异。这种不寻常的性质要求提高对正确处理的认识。在一项为期16年的回顾性研究中识别出了20例病例。有6名儿童因心导管插入术导致穿孔，10名儿童有穿透伤，4名儿童有钝性伤。2名钝性伤儿童表现为心肌挫伤，1名儿童右心房钝性破裂后存活。该系列中仅发生1例死亡——一名新生儿因心导管插入术期间右心室穿孔继发未被识别的心包填塞而死亡。本文讨论了婴幼儿心脏导管穿孔和钝性伤所致损伤的诊断及特殊处理技术。
