Chiles W D, Jennings A E, Alluisi E A
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1979 Apr;50(4):376-81.
Two groups of paid male volunteers (Groups I, N = 51, tested with identical schedules on two successive days; Group II, N = 43, tested on one day only) performed over nine intervals on various combinations of the six tasks of the CAMI Multiple Task Performance Battery. Two of the tasks involved monitoring static (lights) and dynamic (meters) processes, and four more-active tasks involved mental arithmetic, elementary problem solving, pattern identification, two-dimensional compensatory tracking. Five of the nine intervals provided different complex tasks consisting of concurrent monitoring tasks and two of the active tasks. Other trials provided data on the single active tasks as well as the combined monitoring tasks. The results indicated that all performance measures--a total of 12 for the six tasks--varied significantly as a function of the different task-combination conditions. A standard psychological scaling technique (Thurstone Case V) was applied to the monitoring data (response times for green and red lights, and for meter monitoring) to develop an index of workload for the five complex task combinations. Since better performance was presumed to indicate a lower workload, workload was inferred to increase as performance declined across conditions. The best performances, which were assigned scale values of 0, were found to be associated with single-task performances, as expected. Scale values for the complex task-combination conditions were found to be consistent between groups and between the two days of testing of Group I (r's of 0.947 to 0.993). Although the scale values are specific to the task and task-combination conditions employed, the scaling-procedure application shows promise for cases in which quantitative measures of performance can be acquired with moderately large samples of subjects (N's greater than 50).
两组有偿男性志愿者（第一组，N = 51，连续两天按照相同时间表进行测试；第二组，N = 43，仅在一天进行测试）在CAMI多任务表现电池组的六项任务的各种组合上进行了九个时间段的测试。其中两项任务涉及监测静态（灯光）和动态（仪表）过程，另外四项更具活动性的任务涉及心算、基本问题解决、模式识别、二维补偿跟踪。九个时间段中的五个提供了由并发监测任务和两项活动性任务组成的不同复杂任务。其他试验提供了关于单个活动性任务以及组合监测任务的数据。结果表明，所有表现指标——六项任务共有12个——随不同任务组合条件而有显著变化。一种标准的心理量表技术（瑟斯顿第五种情况）被应用于监测数据（绿灯和红灯以及仪表监测的反应时间），以制定五个复杂任务组合的工作量指数。由于较好的表现被认为表明较低的工作量，所以推断随着各条件下表现下降，工作量会增加。正如预期的那样，被赋予量表值0的最佳表现与单任务表现相关。发现复杂任务组合条件的量表值在两组之间以及第一组测试的两天之间是一致的（相关系数为0.947至0.993）。尽管量表值特定于所采用的任务和任务组合条件，但量表程序的应用对于能够通过适度大样本（N大于50）获得表现定量测量的情况显示出前景。
