Jahrsdoerfer R
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1979 Aug;12(3):515-20.
Noise rarely damages the tympanic membrane and middle ear. High intensity impulse noise (explosions) can rupture the eardrum and disrupt the ossicular chain. Middle ear muscles play no part in the defense of the inner ear against high intensity impulse noise. Other mechanisms that protect the inner ear are slippage of the incudomalleal joint, a maximal limit of stapes displacement, and unlinking of the ossicular chain.
噪音很少会损伤鼓膜和中耳。高强度脉冲噪声（爆炸）可使鼓膜破裂并破坏听骨链。中耳肌肉在保护内耳免受高强度脉冲噪声影响方面不起作用。保护内耳的其他机制包括砧镫关节的滑动、镫骨移位的最大限制以及听骨链的脱链。
