Parathyroid autotransplantation in renal osteodystrophy.

Severe renal osteodystrophy with metaphyseal fractures developed in two children with hypoplastic-dysplastic kidneys and chronic renal failure despite therapy with vitamin D, CaCO3, phosphate-binding agents, and protein restriction. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were elevated to 709 and 1,537 pg/mL (N = 255 +/- 92 pg/mL). Total parathyroidectomy and then autotransplantation of a small portion of parathyroids into the left brachioradialis muscle resulted in complete healing of renal osteodystrophy with the same dose of vitamin D. Serum iPTH and histological studies have demonstrated functioning parathyroid autotransplants, 19 and 20 months postoperatively in these two patients. Advantage of such a procedure over 3 3/4 parathyroidectomy is that this transplanted parathyroid tissue is easily accessible for partial removal in case of recurrence of uncontrollable hyperparathyroidism. We believe that total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation can be successfully performed even in small children.