Age-dependent constitution of chondroitin sulfate isomers in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions.

Associated proteoglycans were prepared with guanidine-HCl from bovine articular cartilage of various ages. They were purified and fractionated by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradients. The compositions of chondroitin sulfate (CS) isomers in associated proteoglycans of articular cartilages of three ages were compared based on the relative amounts of disaccharide units. The results indicated that the proportions of 4-sulfated disaccharide units comprised around 2/3, 1/3, and 1/6 of the total CS in the associated proteoglycans of calf, 18-month-old cow, and 8-year-old cow, respectively. In contrast, the proportions of 6-sulfated disaccharide units in the proteoglycans were in the reverse order; they comprised nearly 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of the total CS, respectively, at the three ages. Thus, with increasing age, the ratio of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated disaccharide units decreased significantly. With the decrease of CsCl density in the gradients, the proportion of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS as well as that of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated disaccharide units increased in the associated proteoglycans of all ages. The increased ratios of 4-sulfated to 6-sulfated disaccharide units with decreasing CsCl density were significant among the individual proteoglycans: 1.84-2.36 in calf, 0.40-0.89 in 18-month-old cow, and 0.16-0.28 in 8-year-old cow.