Esman A H
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1979;27(2):423-39. doi: 10.1177/000306517902700208.
Boredom is a complex mental phenomenon, incorporating both affective and cognitive components, which cannot be understood within the confines of conflict theory alone. The paucity of fantasy in the bored person may reflect a developmental ego defect as well as, or instead of, the commonly-cited impulse-defense conflicts. The need for externally-supplied stimulation characteristic of persons with a field-dependent cognitive style, and/or characterological passivity may be among the significant predisposing factors for the development of boredom, and phase-specific factors may encourage its occurrence at particular periods of life. Boredom in the analyst, too, is multiply determined; the analytic situation itself contains features that contribute to it.
无聊是一种复杂的心理现象,包含情感和认知成分,仅在冲突理论的范围内无法理解。无聊的人缺乏幻想,这可能反映了一种发展性的自我缺陷,以及/或者替代通常所说的冲动防御冲突。具有场依存认知风格的人对外部提供刺激的需求,和/或性格上的被动性,可能是无聊产生的重要易感因素,特定阶段的因素可能会促使其在生命的特定时期出现。分析师的无聊也是由多种因素决定的;分析情境本身包含导致无聊产生的特征。