Kremenitzer J P, Vaughan H G, Kurtzberg D, Dowling K
Child Dev. 1979 Jun;50(2):442-8.
The capacity of newborn infants to smooth-pursuit eye movements in single-target tracking and in optokinetic nystagmus to a moving striped field was examined utilizing DC electrooculography. Smooth-pursuit movements were observed in all infants who were alert during testing, but they occupied less than 15% of viewing time during single-target tracking. The velocity of smooth-pursuit segments in single-target tracking increased linearly to a target velocity of 19 degrees/sec and deteriorated rapidly at faster speeds. No smooth pursuit occurred above 32 degrees/sec in single-target tracking. By contrast, optokinetic nystagmus was observed at all field velocities to 40 degrees/sec, but the speed of the mean slow component increased linearly to 25 degrees/sec and diminished above that field velocity. Infant optokinetic nystagmus differed strikingly from that of adults in that tonic ocular deviation was in the direction of field movement rather than away from it. This feature of neonatal optokinetic nystagmus is consistent with deficient foveal function and suggests that the relatively poor smooth-pursuit performance of newborns may be related to foveal immaturity.
利用直流眼震电图对新生儿在单目标追踪中进行平稳跟踪眼球运动的能力以及对移动条纹场产生视动性眼震的能力进行了检测。在测试中保持警觉的所有婴儿都观察到了平稳跟踪运动，但在单目标追踪过程中，此类运动占观察时间不到15%。单目标追踪中平稳跟踪片段的速度随目标速度线性增加至19度/秒，速度更快时则迅速变差。单目标追踪中速度高于32度/秒时未出现平稳跟踪。相比之下，在所有场速达到40度/秒时均观察到视动性眼震，但平均慢相速度线性增加至25度/秒，在该场速以上则降低。婴儿视动性眼震与成人的显著不同在于，紧张性眼偏斜是朝着场运动的方向而非背离场运动的方向。新生儿视动性眼震的这一特征与中央凹功能缺陷一致，提示新生儿相对较差的平稳跟踪表现可能与中央凹不成熟有关。
