Current-voltage studies on the thylakoid membrane in the presence of ionophores.

The reversibility of the binding of ionophores to the thylakoid membrane is studied. While gramicidin binds practically irreversibly, valinomycin and nonactin bind reversibly, however, only a small fraction (about 1%) of the membrane-bound valinomycin or nonactin is active in ion transport. The current-voltage relationship is evaluated under these circumstances. We have found that it is practically linear. This together with the relationship between current and ion concentration agrees qualitatively with the results reported for bimolecular lipid membranes, which contain a large fraction of negatively charged lipids. For the ionophores, valinomycin and nonactin, the binding equilibria (K approximately equal to 10-4) and the turnover numbers (approximately equal to 3-10-4/s) are evaluated for their action on the thylakoid membrane. Possible reasons for the inactivity of the majority of membrane-bound ionophore molecules are discussed.