Blatt I M
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (1979). 1979 May-Jun;87(3):366-71. doi: 10.1177/019459987908700316.
Two-staged fenestration tympanoplasty is a form of total tympanoplasty type V that incorporates the mastoidotympanomastoidectomy (radical mastoidectomy) and revives the Lempert horizontal semicircular canal fenestration operation. It is valuable when the usual and customary single or two-staged tympanoplasty procedures fail to conserve or restore hearing in the operative management of otitic disease. Two-staged fenestration tympanoplasty is also indicated in audiometric failure tympanoplasties, in oval window surgery failures in the absence of supporting ossicles and in the presence of a fibrosed or sclerosed oval window, and in severe otitic oval window-round window-posterior tympanic recess-tympanic orifice eustachian tube infection, which can only be completely removed by the mastoidotympanectomy. Total tympanoplasty type V as described here has produced serviceable hearing for human conversation and the speech frequencies to the 15-dB to 25-dB levels, and a 20 dB average in 19 of 21 patients operated on for a 90% success rate.
两期开窗鼓室成形术是V型全鼓室成形术的一种形式，它结合了乳突鼓室乳突切除术（根治性乳突切除术），并复兴了莱姆珀特水平半规管开窗手术。当常规的单期或两期鼓室成形术在耳病手术治疗中未能保留或恢复听力时，它具有重要价值。两期开窗鼓室成形术也适用于听力测验失败的鼓室成形术、在没有支持听小骨且存在纤维化或硬化的卵圆窗时卵圆窗手术失败的情况，以及在严重的耳源性卵圆窗 - 圆窗 - 后鼓室隐窝 - 鼓室口咽鼓管感染时，这种感染只能通过乳突鼓室切除术完全清除。这里所描述的V型全鼓室成形术已为人类对话和言语频率产生了可用听力，达到了15分贝至25分贝的水平，在接受手术的21名患者中有19名平均提高了20分贝，成功率为90%。
