Tubiash H S
Appl Microbiol. 1971 Sep;22(3):321-4. doi: 10.1128/am.22.3.321-324.1971.
Attempts to introduce infectious or foreign material into oysters and other bivalve mollusks usually involve force or trauma because of immediate, prolonged adduction of the tightly closing valves. The soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria, is unable to seal its valves completely and relaxes readily, exposing soft tissue and a large siphon. This species is free from fouling organisms and is readily available at all seasons in the New England and mid-Atlantic areas. Suspensions of five strains of Vibrio sp. that cause bacillary necrosis in larval and juvenile bivalve mollusks were injected into the heart, siphon tissue, and the incurrent and excurrent siphon lumina of soft-shell clams. All vibrio strains caused significant mortality, usually within 2 days. Heaviest losses resulted from heart and excurrent siphon injections. No mortality occurred in control clams injected with seawater, broth, Serratia sp., and Escherichia coli. The soft-shell clam appears to be a useful animal for testing the pathogenicity of marine microorganisms for bivalve mollusks.
由于紧闭的瓣膜会立即长时间内收，试图将传染性或外来物质引入牡蛎和其他双壳贝类通常需要借助外力或造成创伤。软壳蛤（Mya arenaria）无法完全闭合其瓣膜，并且很容易放松，从而暴露出软组织和一个大的虹吸管。该物种没有污损生物，在新英格兰和大西洋中部地区全年都很容易获得。将导致双壳贝类幼虫和幼体细菌性坏死的5株弧菌属菌株的悬浮液注射到软壳蛤的心脏、虹吸管组织以及进出水虹吸管腔内。所有弧菌菌株都会导致显著的死亡，通常在2天内。心脏和出水虹吸管注射造成的损失最大。注射海水、肉汤、沙雷氏菌属和大肠杆菌的对照蛤没有出现死亡。软壳蛤似乎是一种用于测试海洋微生物对双壳贝类致病性的有用动物。
