Cerebrovascular disorders producing transient or permanent symptoms and signs are very common, but they are not the only causes of a sudden neurologic deficit. Careful examination of the cardiovascular system may indicate the likely cause of the lesion, while accurate neurologic localization is also useful in establishing a diagnosis and prognosis. The CT scan is very helpful in distinguishing infarction from haemorrhage. In the management of the acute lesion, treatable disorders such as systemic diseases, potentially fatal rostro-caudal herniation, haematomas and aneurysms always need to be positively exlcuded. Endarterectomy, platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants are advised in certain situations, although their place in the management of cerebrovascular disorders still remains somewhat controversial.
产生短暂或永久性症状及体征的脑血管疾病非常常见，但它们并非突然出现神经功能缺损的唯一原因。仔细检查心血管系统可能会提示病变的可能原因，而准确的神经定位对于确立诊断和判断预后也很有用。CT扫描在区分梗死和出血方面非常有帮助。在急性病变的处理中，总是需要积极排除可治疗的疾病，如全身性疾病、潜在致命的头尾型疝、血肿和动脉瘤。在某些情况下建议进行动脉内膜切除术、使用血小板抑制剂和抗凝剂，尽管它们在脑血管疾病治疗中的地位仍存在一定争议。
