Turner-Warwick R
Urol Clin North Am. 1979 Oct;6(3):643-55.
Many minimal defects of the terminal urethra may be left untreated; others may be considerably improved by a simple one-stage extension to a terminal position by one of the many one-stage "flap-strip" procedures. Patients with a marked ventriflexed glans are much better treated by the "kippered-glans" procedure; undertaken as a two-stage procedure, the functional and the cosmetic results of this procedure are extremely good and reliable. The results of one-stage procedures reflect the experience and the judgement of the surgeon but they tend to be less perfect and furthermore there is always an element of "double or quits" inasmuch as complications may require revision procedures. Thus a minor surgical dilemma arises because both the cosmetic and the functional results of a two-stage "kippered-glans" procedure for severe hypospadiac deformities tend to be better than those achieved for minor deformities by one-stage flap-strip or glans-flap procedures.
许多尿道末端的微小缺陷可不作处理；其他一些缺陷可通过众多一期“皮瓣条”手术之一简单地一期延长至尿道末端位置而得到显著改善。对于龟头明显腹侧弯曲的患者，采用“腌渍龟头”手术治疗效果更佳；该手术分两期进行，其功能和美容效果都非常好且可靠。一期手术的效果反映了外科医生的经验和判断，但往往不够完美，而且由于并发症可能需要再次手术，总是存在一种“孤注一掷”的因素。因此出现了一个小小的手术困境，因为对于严重尿道下裂畸形的两期“腌渍龟头”手术，其美容和功能效果往往优于一期皮瓣条或龟头皮瓣手术对轻微畸形所取得的效果。
