Leu H J, Vogt M, Pfrunder H
Basic Res Cardiol. 1979 Jul-Aug;74(4):435-44. doi: 10.1007/BF01908395.
Venous valves do not play a role in pathogenesis of primary varicose veins. Their number remains constant during life time. In varicose veins their insufficiency is secondary. Intimal fibrosis is no prerequisite for the development of varicose veins. It is a frequent finding in non-varicose veins of all age groups. Fibrosis of media and adventitia is no early morphological alteration in varicose veins. Fibrotic replacement of smooth muscles represents a late stage of varicosis. Degenerative lesions of deep leg veins are rare even at old age. The deep veins are not influenced by sclerotic lesions of the adjacent arteries. Preexisting intimal fibrosis in autogenous graft veins may be one of several factors which induce an overshooting intimal proliferation. Degenerative alterations (fibrotic lesions of the wall layers, insufficiency of the valves) are secondary phenomena in pathogenesis of varicose veins which follow a functional deficiency of the smooth musculature.
静脉瓣膜在原发性静脉曲张的发病机制中不起作用。其数量在一生中保持恒定。在静脉曲张中，瓣膜功能不全是继发性的。内膜纤维化不是静脉曲张发展的先决条件。它在所有年龄组的非静脉曲张中都很常见。中膜和外膜的纤维化不是静脉曲张早期的形态学改变。平滑肌的纤维化替代是静脉曲张的晚期阶段。即使在老年，下肢深静脉的退行性病变也很少见。深静脉不受相邻动脉硬化病变的影响。自体移植静脉中预先存在的内膜纤维化可能是导致内膜过度增生的几个因素之一。退行性改变（壁层纤维化病变、瓣膜功能不全）是静脉曲张发病机制中的继发现象，继发于平滑肌功能不足。
