Piven H
Child Welfare. 1979 Sep-Oct;58(8):485-99.
Critics of public policy on status offenders urge that PINS statutes be abolished as racially discriminatory in its target population, as bureaucratically coercive in its labeling of normal children, as undemocratic in lacking the "will and consent" of those whom it presumably serves, and unnecessary in that the social welfare marketplace provides a better service alternative. This report of a study on PINS intake cases in Manhattan finds that the data do not support the charges.
对身份犯罪公共政策的批评者敦促废除《需要监管儿童法》,理由是该法律在目标人群上存在种族歧视,在给正常儿童贴上标签时具有官僚强制色彩,在缺乏其假定服务对象的“意愿和同意”方面不民主,且由于社会福利市场提供了更好的服务选择而没有必要。这份关于曼哈顿需要监管儿童收容案件的研究报告发现,数据并不支持这些指控。