Goldsmith L A, Carlson G P
J Environ Sci Health B. 1979;14(6):579-88. doi: 10.1080/03601237909372152.
The toxicity of parathion and its metabolite paraoxon was examined in the crayfish Orconectes rusticus and the snail Viviparus malleatus and attempts were made to relate this to parathion uptake and metabolism. The crayfish was found to be very susceptible with all animals tested dying at 0.1 ppb of parathion in 48 hours. The snail was resistant to exposure to 1000 ppm. The absence of lethality even to injected (50 mg/kg) parathion and paraoxon suggests an innate lack of susceptibility. Metabolism of the compounds could not be detected in vitro or in vivo in either species.
对小龙虾锈色螯虾和螺蛳福寿螺进行了对硫磷及其代谢产物对氧磷的毒性检测，并尝试将其与对硫磷的摄取和代谢联系起来。发现小龙虾非常敏感，所有受试动物在48小时内接触0.1 ppb对硫磷后均死亡。螺蛳对1000 ppm的暴露具有抗性。即使注射（50 mg/kg）对硫磷和对氧磷也没有致死性，这表明其天生缺乏易感性。在这两个物种的体外或体内均未检测到这些化合物的代谢情况。
