Taub H A
Exp Aging Res. 1979 Feb;5(1):3-13. doi: 10.1080/03610737908257184.
Twenty-seven young (X- = 27.3 years) and twenty-seven old (X- = 67.7 years) female volunteers participated in a study of the effect of vocabulary level upon memory and comprehension of prose materials. Comprehension was measured by presenting five multiple choice questions simultaneously with half of the prose passages. Memory was measured with the rest of the materials by presenting questions only after a passage was completed and removed from sight. The results indicated that age-related differences varied inversely with vocabulary levels but did not interact with type of task. No significant differences were found between age groups at the highest vocabulary level. The parallel findings for the two tasks suggest that inadequate comprehension represents one major factor underlying age-related differences in the retention of meaningful materials. A second memory task, not dependent upon accuracy of comprehension, indicated age-related differences at all vocabulary levels. This suggests that old adults may also hve deficits in the ability to maintain in store and/or retrieve meaningful materials.
27名年轻女性（平均年龄 = 27.3岁）和27名老年女性（平均年龄 = 67.7岁）志愿者参与了一项关于词汇水平对散文材料记忆和理解影响的研究。通过在一半散文段落呈现的同时给出五道多项选择题来测量理解能力。通过在一篇文章读完并移开视线后才提出问题，用其余材料来测量记忆能力。结果表明，与年龄相关的差异与词汇水平呈反比，但与任务类型没有相互作用。在最高词汇水平上，各年龄组之间未发现显著差异。两项任务的平行研究结果表明，理解不足是与年龄相关的有意义材料记忆差异的一个主要因素。第二项记忆任务不依赖于理解的准确性，结果表明在所有词汇水平上都存在与年龄相关的差异。这表明老年人在储存和/或检索有意义材料的能力方面可能也存在缺陷。
