Moses J A, Ratliff R G, Ratliff A R
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1979 Dec;7(4):443-53. doi: 10.1007/BF00917614.
Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of contingency management as a means of behavioral resocialization with delinquent boys on an individual basis. The present study was designed to examine and clarify systematically verbal and token reward and/or punishment. The principal findings of the study were: (1) Neurotic subjects performed at the highest level for punishment, at the lowest level for reward, and at an intermediate level for a combination of reward and punishment, regardless of verbal or token contingency modality. (2) Psychopathic subjects performed best for the joint verbal reward and punishment contingency, but they did not learn over trials for the joint token reward and punishment contingency. Their performance was undifferentiated at asymptote under the separate verbal and token reward or punishment contingencies. (3) Neurotic subjects performed at a significantly higher level than did psychopathic subjects for verbal and token punishment, while psychopathic subjects performed at a significantly higher level than neurotic subjects for verbal and token reward.
先前的研究已经证明，权变管理作为一种对违法男孩进行个体行为再社会化的手段是有效的。本研究旨在系统地检验和阐明言语及代币奖励和/或惩罚。该研究的主要发现如下：（1）神经质受试者在惩罚条件下表现最佳，在奖励条件下表现最差，在奖励与惩罚相结合的条件下表现处于中等水平，无论言语或代币权变方式如何。（2）精神病态受试者在言语奖励与惩罚相结合的权变条件下表现最佳，但在代币奖励与惩罚相结合的权变条件下，他们在多次试验中并未学习。在单独的言语和代币奖励或惩罚权变条件下，他们在渐近线时的表现没有差异。（3）在言语和代币惩罚方面，神经质受试者的表现显著高于精神病态受试者，而在言语和代币奖励方面，精神病态受试者的表现显著高于神经质受试者。
