Weintraub D J
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 May;5(2):353-64. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.5.2.353.
Subjects (groups of age 6, 8, 10, 12, and 21 years, with 60 or more persons per group) made comparative size judgments between a single circle and a standard circle that was flanked by four context circles. The context circles varied in diameter, proximity to the standard circle, and amount of circumference displayed. (When circumferences are complete, the display is the usual Ebbinghaus configuration. A variant consisted of the Ebbinghaus display with the outer three quarters of each context-circle circumference removed.) A contour-plus-context theory accounts for the data: Contours attract at every age level, and context (size of flanking circles relative to the standard circle) leads to constrast in judged size beyond age 6. Contour and context effects decreased with decreasing proximity between context circles and the standard circle.
受试者（6岁、8岁、10岁、12岁和21岁组，每组60人以上）对单个圆形与一个被四个背景圆形环绕的标准圆形进行了大小比较判断。背景圆形在直径、与标准圆形的距离以及显示的周长数量方面有所不同。（当周长完整时，显示为常见的艾宾浩斯配置。一种变体是去掉每个背景圆形周长的外四分之三的艾宾浩斯显示。）一种轮廓加背景理论可以解释这些数据：轮廓在每个年龄水平都有吸引力，并且背景（周边圆形相对于标准圆形的大小）在6岁以上会导致判断大小的对比。轮廓和背景效应随着背景圆形与标准圆形之间距离的减小而降低。
