测试口服流感活疫苗的安全性和有效性。
Testing the safety and effectiveness of oral administration of a live influenza vaccine.
作者信息
Aleksandrova G I, Smorodintsev A A, Beljaeva N M, Vasil'ev B J, Geft R A, Panteleev V G, Sejfer M A, Selivanov A A
出版信息
Bull World Health Organ. 1970;42(3):429-36.
Tests to determine the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a live influenza vaccine when administered by mouth showed that the new method caused no reactions in adults and children and was adequately immunogenic, the results being in no way inferior to those obtained by intranasal administration. These results provide a basis for the wider use of this simpler and more convenient method of administration.Oral administration of the live influenza vaccine was followed by reproduction of the vaccine virus. The rapid elimination of catarrhal symptoms existing before vaccination indicates intensive production of interferon in the nasopharynx of the vaccinated persons.The standard influenza vaccine for adults induced strong reactions in children, even when the less dangerous oral route of vaccination was used. For oral vaccination of children it is thus essential to use the variant of the live influenza vaccine made from further-attenuated, cold-adapted vaccine strains of influenza virus. This vaccine is quite safe and effective whether administered intranasally or by mouth.
通过口服方式接种流感活疫苗时，对其反应原性和免疫原性进行的测试表明，这种新方法在成人和儿童中均未引起不良反应，且具有足够的免疫原性，其结果绝不亚于通过鼻内给药获得的结果。这些结果为更广泛地使用这种更简单、更方便的给药方法提供了依据。口服流感活疫苗后，疫苗病毒会在体内繁殖。接种前存在的卡他症状迅速消除，表明接种者鼻咽部大量产生干扰素。成人用标准流感疫苗即使采用危险性较小的口服接种途径，也会在儿童中引起强烈反应。因此，对于儿童口服接种，必须使用由进一步减毒的冷适应流感病毒疫苗株制成的流感活疫苗变体。这种疫苗无论通过鼻内给药还是口服给药，都相当安全有效。
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