Rosa F W, Turshen M
Bull World Health Organ. 1970;43(6):785-95.
The extensive literature on nutrition in pregnancy is reviewed with special reference to international experience, including observations on nutritional trials in pregnancy, pregnancy during famines caused by war, and studies of birth-weight in relation to pregnancy interval, parity and multiple pregnancies. Recent research on the significance of fetal nutrition suggests that "small-for-dates" infants, i.e., those that are developmentally retarded in utero, suffer long-term developmental sequelae. A high world-wide incidence of small-for-dates births was reported by the World Health Organization in 1960.Although a definite correlation has been found between socio-economic status and birth-weight, it is not known to what extent the smaller birth-weights observed in the lower socio-economic groups can be improved by specific nutritional measures. In addition to the general advice given on maternal nutrition and family-planning, further studies are needed to determine the precise means of achieving improvement in fetal nutrition and a better outcome of pregnancy.
本文回顾了关于孕期营养的大量文献，特别参考了国际经验，包括对孕期营养试验的观察、战争导致饥荒期间的怀孕情况，以及与怀孕间隔、产次和多胎妊娠相关的出生体重研究。近期关于胎儿营养重要性的研究表明，“小于孕周”的婴儿，即在子宫内发育迟缓的婴儿，会遭受长期的发育后遗症。1960年世界卫生组织报告了全球范围内较高的小于孕周出生发生率。虽然已发现社会经济地位与出生体重之间存在明确关联，但尚不清楚通过特定营养措施能在多大程度上改善社会经济地位较低群体中观察到的较低出生体重情况。除了关于孕产妇营养和计划生育的一般建议外，还需要进一步研究以确定改善胎儿营养和实现更好妊娠结局的确切方法。
