Waksman S A, Lechevalier H A, Schaffner C P
Bull World Health Organ. 1965;33(2):219-26.
About 50 polyenic antifungal antibiotics produced by actinomycetes have been isolated and described. Among these are the most effective antimonilial agents so far known. These polyenes can be classified into four broad groups depending on the number of conjugated carbon-to-carbon double bonds that are present in their chromophores. Only some of the tetraenes (four conjugated double bonds), such as nystatin and pimaricin, and a few heptaenes (seven conjugated double bonds), such as amphotericin B, Trichomycin candicidin and hamycin, have found practical application in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by fungi. Nystatin and pimaricin show the least in vitro activity against fungi, while trichomycin and candicidin are the most active. Recent clinical investigations carried out in the USA have shown that candicidin is very effective in the treatment of vaginal monilial infections.
已分离并描述了约50种由放线菌产生的多烯类抗真菌抗生素。其中有一些是迄今为止已知的最有效的抗念珠菌剂。根据其发色团中存在的共轭碳 - 碳双键的数量，这些多烯类可分为四大类。只有一些四烯类（四个共轭双键），如制霉菌素和匹马霉素，以及少数七烯类（七个共轭双键），如两性霉素B、曲古霉素、杀假丝菌素和哈霉素，已在治疗由真菌引起的传染病中得到实际应用。制霉菌素和匹马霉素对真菌的体外活性最低，而曲古霉素和杀假丝菌素活性最高。美国最近进行的临床研究表明，杀假丝菌素在治疗阴道念珠菌感染方面非常有效。
