Waldron H A
Br J Ind Med. 1966 Apr;23(2):83-100. doi: 10.1136/oem.23.2.83.
Lead intoxication has been recognized as a clinical entity since ancient times. Hippocrates (370 B.C.) was probably the first person to associate lead with clinical symptoms, since when the harmful effects of lead on the body have been well documented. Early observations culminated in the brilliant monograph of Tanquerel des Planches (1839) in which the clinical aspects of the disease were completely outlined and most of the early signs of the disease were mentioned. So complete was this work that virtually nothing has been added to des Planches's observations since their publication. The earliest reference to lead anaemia was made in 1831 by Laennec, who described thinness of the blood and pallor of the tissues in cases of lead poisoning at necropsy. The first direct evidence of the effect of lead on red blood cells was presented by Andral and Gavarret (1840), who counted the number of red blood cells in cases of lead poisoning and found the count to be much lower than normal. Since these early reports a great deal of work has been undertaken to try to discover the means by which lead causes anaemia, but it is probably true to say that at the present time this mechanism is still not fully understood. This review is an attempt to draw together at least some of the theories which have been advanced in the past and to present them, it is hoped, in an easily accessible manner for future workers in this field.
自古以来，铅中毒就被视为一种临床病症。希波克拉底（公元前370年）可能是首个将铅与临床症状联系起来的人，自那时起，铅对人体的有害影响就有了详尽记录。早期观察结果在坦克雷尔·德·普兰什（1839年）的杰出专著中达到了顶峰，该专著全面概述了该病的临床症状，并提及了该病的大多数早期体征。这项工作如此完备，以至于自其发表以来，几乎没有什么能在德·普兰什的观察基础上增添。最早提及铅中毒性贫血的是拉埃内克在1831年的描述，他在尸检时描述了铅中毒病例中血液稀薄和组织苍白的情况。安德拉尔和加瓦雷（1840年）首次提供了铅对红细胞影响的确切证据，他们对铅中毒病例中的红细胞数量进行了计数，发现计数远低于正常水平。自这些早期报告以来，人们开展了大量工作试图找出铅导致贫血的方式，但或许可以说，目前这一机制仍未被完全理解。本综述旨在汇总过去提出的至少一些理论，并希望以一种便于该领域未来研究人员获取的方式呈现这些理论。
