Nguenang Gaëlle S, Ntyam Arsène S M, Kuete Victor
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Mar 5;2020:8935897. doi: 10.1155/2020/8935897. eCollection 2020.
(tomato) is a plant widely used in Africa like food and to solve many health problems. The methanol crude extract of tomato recently demonstrated a good antiproliferative effect on many human cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of methanolic extract from leaves of this plant. These toxicities were evaluated based on the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The assay of acute toxicity was performed using a total of 3 female rats, which received a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of methanolic extract via oral gavage. For the subacute toxicity study, 32 rats (males and females) were used. The groups were treated with three different doses of methanolic extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days and the control group received distilled water. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed after the sacrifice. Single dose of tomato extract caused no toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight; hence, the median lethal dose (DL) of leaves of this plant was greater than this value. However, lower toxic effects could be manifested in the long-term treatment at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) because urea level and total serum proteins significantly increased at a dose of 1000 mg/kg with respect to control. The microscopic observation showed no remarkable pathological changes on all organs in the treated groups compared with the control groups of female and male rats. These results demonstrate that single dose of tomato extract leaves is relatively nontoxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. and prolonged use of lower doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of orally should be encouraged, whereas highest dose (1000 mg/kg) should be avoided.
番茄是一种在非洲广泛用作食物并用于解决多种健康问题的植物。番茄的甲醇粗提物最近在多种人类癌细胞系上显示出良好的抗增殖作用。本研究的目的是评估该植物叶片甲醇提取物的急性毒性和亚急性经口毒性。这些毒性是根据经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的指南进行评估的。急性毒性试验共使用3只雌性大鼠，通过灌胃给予单次剂量5000 mg/kg的甲醇提取物。对于亚急性毒性研究，使用了32只大鼠（雄性和雌性）。将这些组用三种不同剂量的甲醇提取物（250、500和1000 mg/kg体重）处理28天，对照组给予蒸馏水。在处死动物后进行血液学、生物化学和组织病理学研究。单剂量的番茄提取物在高达5000 mg/kg体重的剂量下未引起毒性；因此，该植物叶片的半数致死剂量（LD）大于此值。然而，在最高剂量（1000 mg/kg）的长期治疗中可能会表现出较低的毒性作用，因为相对于对照组，在1000 mg/kg剂量下尿素水平和血清总蛋白显著增加。显微镜观察显示，与雌性和雄性大鼠的对照组相比，处理组的所有器官均未出现明显的病理变化。这些结果表明，单剂量的番茄提取物叶片在5000 mg/kg体重的剂量下相对无毒，应鼓励口服低剂量（250和500 mg/kg）的长期使用，而应避免使用最高剂量（1000 mg/kg）。
