Low molecular weight RNAs as components of nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles containing heterogeneous nuclear RNA.

70-130 S polyparticles as well as 38 S monoparticles were isolated from rat liver nuclei and analyzed in respect to their RNA components by microgel polyacrylamide electrophoresis in formamide. In addition to the high molecular weight polydisperse hnRNA of polyparticles several low molecular weight RNAs (snRNA) were detected. There are at least six distinct snRNA species in polyparticles. Except for one species, which is missing, 38 S monoparticles showed a similar snRNA pattern. From densitometer tracings of microgels the snRNAs were estimated to represent about 11% of the total polyparticle RNA. The number of nucleotides for the various snRNAs were determined from a plot of relative electrophoretic mobility versus log number of nucleotides. The possibility that the snRNAs are degradation products of the hnRNA was excluded on the basis of the following findings. (1) The snRNA pattern was similar in mono- and polyparticles. (2) Whereas the hnRNA of polyparticles incubated at 37 degrees C was extensively degraded, the snRNA did not show a corresponding increase. (3) After a 30 min pulse with [3H]orotate the hn RNA was readily labeled; none of the snRNAs, however, incorporated radioactivity. The snRNAs were still found after treatment of polyparticles with 2 M NaCl excluding contamination by nucleoplasm.