Arend R, Gove F L, Sroufe L A
Child Dev. 1979 Dec;50(4):950-9.
In this longitudinal study, individual differences in security of attachment at 18 months and effective autonomous functioning at age 2 years were related to the dimensions of ego-control and ego-resiliency at age 4--5 years. The kindergarten or nursery school teachers of 26 children completed California Child Q-Sorts. The children were also given a short form of the Block's laboratory battery (Banta's curiosity box, level of aspiration, motor impulse control delay of gratification, the Shure and Spivack Preschool Interpersonal Problem-solving Test, and the Lowenfeld mosaics). Following the Blocks, composited ego-resiliency and ego-control scores were derived from each data set. Children earlier classified as securely attached were, as predicted, significantly higher on ego-resiliency on both laboratory and Q-sort composites. They were also higher than anxiously attached infants on 3 independent measures of curiosity. An independently composited index of competence from 2-year tool-using measures also correlated significantly with later resiliency, as did 2-year measures of mothers' support and quality of assistance. The data provide initial links between the infant's quality of attachment, the toddler's effectiveness in a problem-solving situation, and competence during the preschool years.
在这项纵向研究中，18个月大时依恋安全性的个体差异以及2岁时有效的自主功能与4至5岁时的自我控制和自我恢复力维度相关。26名儿童的幼儿园或托儿所教师完成了加利福尼亚儿童Q分类法。这些儿童还接受了布洛克实验室成套测验的简版测试（班塔的好奇心盒子、抱负水平、运动冲动控制、延迟满足、舒尔和斯皮瓦克学前人际问题解决测试以及洛温菲尔德镶嵌图形测试）。根据布洛克的测试，从每个数据集得出综合的自我恢复力和自我控制分数。正如所预测的那样，早期被归类为安全型依恋的儿童在实验室和Q分类法综合测试中的自我恢复力显著更高。在3项独立的好奇心测量中，他们也高于焦虑型依恋的婴儿。来自2岁时工具使用测量的独立综合能力指数也与后期的恢复力显著相关，2岁时母亲的支持和帮助质量测量也如此。这些数据提供了婴儿依恋质量、幼儿在解决问题情境中的有效性以及学前阶段能力之间的初步联系。
