Vaughn B, Egeland B, Sroufe L A, Waters E
Child Dev. 1979 Dec;50(4):971-5.
100 economically disadvantaged mothers and their infants were observed in the Ainsworth and Wittig "strange situation" at 12 and 18 months. Infants were classified as secure, anxiously attached/avoidant, or anxiously attached/resistant. In addition, mothers reported occurrence of stressful events related to the stability of the caretaking environment during the 12--18 month period by completing a 44-item checklist concerning work, finances, family, neighbors, health, etc. 62 infants were assigned to the same attachment classification at both 12 and 18 months (p less than .01). Despite this stability, significantly more infants changes classification than in a recent study of stable middle-class families. With the present sample, anxious attachment was associated with less stable caretaking environments than secure attachment; change from secure to anxious attachment was associated with higher stressful-event scores than stable secure attachment.
100名经济条件不利的母亲及其婴儿在12个月和18个月时接受了安斯沃思和维蒂希“陌生情境”观察。婴儿被分为安全型、焦虑依恋/回避型或焦虑依恋/抗拒型。此外，母亲们通过填写一份关于工作、财务、家庭、邻居、健康等方面的44项清单，报告了12至18个月期间与照料环境稳定性相关的应激事件的发生情况。62名婴儿在12个月和18个月时被归为相同的依恋类型（p小于0.01）。尽管有这种稳定性，但与最近一项关于稳定的中产阶级家庭的研究相比，改变依恋类型的婴儿明显更多。在本样本中，与安全依恋相比，焦虑依恋与照料环境的稳定性较低有关；从安全依恋转变为焦虑依恋与比稳定的安全依恋更高的应激事件得分有关。
