Glimet T, Massé J P, Ryckewaert A
Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic. 1979 Nov;46(11):589-92.
Fifty women over 65 who had never suffered from knee problems had a frontal teleradiography of the lower limbs in a vertical standing position. Two knees (out of one hundred) were affected by an external femoro-tibial arthrosis. The femoro-tibial angle of the knees without arthrosis was very close to 0 (0.02). The typical difference was 2.46. The normal level is thus approximately -5 to +5 degrees, and there was thus no "physiological" genu-valgum in the population studied. Marginal osteophytosis and the tibial spines is very frequent and has no pathological significance. A menischondrocalcinosis was found in 14 per cent of subjects.
五十名65岁以上从未患过膝盖问题的女性在垂直站立位进行了下肢正面远距放射摄影。（一百个膝盖中）有两个膝盖患有外侧股胫关节病。没有患关节病的膝盖的股胫角非常接近0（0.02）。典型差异为2.46。因此，正常范围约为-5至+5度，在所研究的人群中不存在“生理性”膝外翻。边缘性骨赘和胫骨棘非常常见，且无病理意义。在14%的受试者中发现了半月板钙化。
