Anantharaman V, Chai S L, Clarence T T, Foon W T
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1979 Apr;8(2):148-59.
Urinary levels of morphine and codeine were studied in two groups of people: Group A--urine samples of 76 subjects receiving three different medicinal preparations containing morphine or codeine. Group B--urine samples of 67 drug abusers detected at urinary mass screening. Distinct differences in these levels were observed. In Group A, UPPER 99% Confidence limits of morphine concentrations of 2.56 microgram/ml, 2.40 microgram/ml and 2.29 microgram/ml were reached after consumption of prescribed doses of Syrup Phensedyl, Tablet Codeine Co and Kaolin et Morphine mixture respectively. In Group B, the LOWER 99% Confidence limit of morphine concentration was 3 microgram/ml. In contrast, the codeine levels obtained for both groups were similar. The clear separation of the ranges of morphine values for the two groups shows that the urinary morphine level forms a reliable index for the differentiation between these two groups.
A组——76名接受三种不同含吗啡或可待因药物制剂的受试者的尿液样本。B组——在尿液大规模筛查中检测出的67名药物滥用者的尿液样本。观察到这些水平存在明显差异。在A组中，分别服用规定剂量的复方甘草口服溶液、可待因片和高岭土吗啡合剂后，吗啡浓度的上99%置信限分别达到2.56微克/毫升、2.40微克/毫升和2.29微克/毫升。在B组中，吗啡浓度的下99%置信限为3微克/毫升。相比之下，两组获得的可待因水平相似。两组吗啡值范围的明显分离表明，尿吗啡水平形成了区分这两组的可靠指标。
