Pfaender F K, Swatek F E
Appl Microbiol. 1970 Aug;20(2):227-32. doi: 10.1128/am.20.2.227-232.1970.
The likelihood of microorganisms being transferred to new environments by jet aircraft was investigated. Initial random sampling of the aircraft surface revealed the presence of microorganisms in varying numbers on different aerodynamic surfaces. Bacteria of the genus Bacillus were the most common isolates, comprising approximately one-third of the total organisms found. The most frequently isolated fungi were Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, and several yeasts. Sampling of surfaces before and immediately after a flight demonstrated that microorganisms were collected during flight in areas protected from the airstream and lost in those areas directly exposed to it. These experiments also showed that the majority of the organisms contaminating the aircraft were acquired from the air at ground level. The placement of microorganisms on the aircraft surface before a flight and determination of their survival after flight indicated that the test organisms were most likely to be transported in the areas protected from the airstream. The organisms showing the best chance of being transferred seem to be the sporeforming bacteria, arthrospore-forming fungi, and some yeasts. All phases of this work showed that microorganisms could be carried by jet aircraft to environments they could not reach by natural means of dispersal.
研究了喷气式飞机将微生物转移到新环境中的可能性。对飞机表面进行的初步随机采样显示，不同空气动力学表面上存在数量不等的微生物。芽孢杆菌属细菌是最常见的分离菌株，约占所发现的微生物总数的三分之一。最常分离出的真菌是枝孢菌、链格孢菌、青霉菌和几种酵母菌。对飞行前和飞行后立即进行的表面采样表明，在飞行过程中，气流保护区域会收集到微生物，而直接暴露于气流的区域则会丢失微生物。这些实验还表明，污染飞机的大多数微生物是在地面从空气中获取的。飞行前在飞机表面放置微生物并确定其飞行后的存活情况表明，受试微生物最有可能在气流保护区域内传播。最有可能被转移的微生物似乎是产芽孢细菌、形成节孢子的真菌和一些酵母菌。这项工作的所有阶段都表明，喷气式飞机可以将微生物携带到它们无法通过自然传播方式到达的环境中。
