Grove L V, Etkin M K, Rosecrans J A
Neurobehav Toxicol. 1979 Spring;1(1):87-95.
Twenty-two pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on methadone hydrochloride solution (14 mg/kg/day, PO, ad lib) throughout gestation, or served as prenatal controls with equal intake of tap water. Within 48 hr of birth 129 pups were cross-fostered to dams of postnatal control or methadone (27 mg/kg/day, PO, ad lib) status. A significant increase in stillbirths occurred among prenatal methadone litters. Disturbed maternal behavior sometimes developed when a dam was switched from prenatal control to postnatal methadone or vice versa. Foster pups of such females showed long-lasting growth retardation and less emotionality in Open Field trials as adults. They were less active on Day 28 in a circular path test, but when tested after Day 65, they were more active. Pups exposed to methadone both pre- and post-natally were lest active in initial Open Field tests (both on Day 28 and after Day 65) of all treatment groups. No severe withdrawal symptoms were noted in pups at birth or weaning. The effect of methadone on growth, emotionality and activity level was mild compared to the effects of drug-induced maternal disorganization.
22只怀孕的斯普拉格-道利大鼠在整个妊娠期持续给予盐酸美沙酮溶液（14毫克/千克/天，口服，随意摄取），或作为产前对照，摄取等量的自来水。出生后48小时内，129只幼崽被交叉寄养到产后对照或美沙酮（27毫克/千克/天，口服，随意摄取）状态的母鼠处。产前美沙酮组的死产显著增加。当母鼠从产前对照转换为产后美沙酮或反之亦然时，有时会出现母性行为紊乱。此类母鼠的寄养幼崽成年后在旷场试验中表现出长期生长发育迟缓且情绪反应较少。在圆形路径试验中，它们在第28天不太活跃，但在65天后测试时则更活跃。在所有治疗组中，产前和产后均暴露于美沙酮的幼崽在最初的旷场试验（第28天和65天后）中最不活跃。幼崽在出生或断奶时未观察到严重的戒断症状。与药物引起的母性行为紊乱的影响相比，美沙酮对生长、情绪和活动水平的影响较小。
