Hall R C, Popkin M K, Devaul R A, Faillace L A, Stickney S K
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978 Nov;35(11):1315-20. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770350041003.
A study of 658 consecutive psychiatric outpatients receiving careful medical and biochemical evaluation, defined an incidence of medical disorders productive of psychiatric symptoms in 9.1% of cases. The most frequent presentations were of depression, confusion, anxiety, and speech or memory disorders. The presence of visual hallucinations was believed to indicate medical etiology until proved otherwise. Major illnesses presenting with psychiatric symptoms in order of frequency were infectious, pulmonary, thyroid, diabetic, hematopoietic, hepatic and CNS diseases. Forty-six percent of these patients suffered from medical illnesses previously unknown to either them or their physician. A plea is made for careful medical evaluation of psychiatric patients.
一项对658名连续接受详细医学和生化评估的精神科门诊患者的研究发现，9.1%的病例存在可导致精神症状的医学疾病。最常见的表现为抑郁、意识模糊、焦虑以及言语或记忆障碍。在排除其他病因之前，视幻觉的出现被认为提示医学病因。伴有精神症状的主要疾病按出现频率依次为感染性疾病、肺部疾病、甲状腺疾病、糖尿病、血液系统疾病、肝脏疾病和中枢神经系统疾病。这些患者中有46%患有此前他们自己或其医生均未知晓的医学疾病。文章呼吁对精神科患者进行仔细的医学评估。
