Lange-de la Camp M, Naumann K
Zentralbl Bakteriol Naturwiss. 1978;133(4):286-312.
In a five-years field trial, the influence of two winter catchcrops, rye and rape, upon the incidence of Cercosporella herpotrichoides has been studied. The winter catch-crops had been repeated three times, followed either by stubble-crop or without in fall of the fourth year. The variants (blocks) had been completed by two variants without catch-crop, either carefully cultivated or overgrown with weeds. Each of the four blocks had been divided three times to be grown with three different crop sequences containing 80%, 60% (with the insusceptible corn), or 40% haulm fruit, respectively. Each of the 12 variants had been divided into two parts by continuous fallow stripe, one part being artificially infested with the pathogen in the beginning (1st winter wheat). In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year, only spring crops were grown, followed by winter wheat in the 5th year. The final exploration resulted in a medium to heavy degree of infection, being significantly higher in the 80% cereal crop sequence than in the 60% and 40% sequences. Concerning the catch-crops, infection in the rye variants was equal or significantly lower than in the carefully cultivated variants without catch-crop. On the other hand, infection of the rape variants had become significantly higher than that of the catch-crop-free ones, about as heavily as in the weed-infested variants. From fall 1966 to summer 1969, the development of the saprophytic soil microflora and several other edaphic parameters had been investigated. Remarkable differences in intensity of disintegration have been observed under the influence of the main crops, cereals or potatoes, respectively, but no differences could be stated resulting from the matter of disintegration--residues of rye or rape--, which might interpret the contrasting effects on the pathogen. Too, no indication for antagonistic activity of bacteria or actinomycetes has been noted. The results are compared with known facts of Cercosporella and of other soil borne pathogens. The difference in biology of Cercosporella on the one hand, and of root infecting fungi on the other hand seems to be most important to explain the results obtained.
在一项为期五年的田间试验中，研究了两种冬季填闲作物——黑麦和油菜——对小麦黄斑叶枯病菌发病率的影响。冬季填闲作物连续种植了三次，在第四年秋季，有的地块后续种植了茬地作物，有的则没有。试验设置了两个不种填闲作物的对照变体，一个是精细耕作的，另一个是杂草丛生的。四个试验小区中的每一个又被分成三份，分别种植三种不同的作物轮作序列，其茎秆果实含量分别为80%、60%（搭配不感病的玉米）或40%。12个变体中的每一个又被连续休耕带分成两部分，其中一部分在开始时（第一季冬小麦）人工接种病原菌。在第二年、第三年和第四年，只种植春播作物，第五年种植冬小麦。最终的调查结果显示感染程度为中度到重度，在80%谷类作物轮作序列中的感染率显著高于60%和40%的序列。关于填闲作物，黑麦变体中的感染率与没有填闲作物的精细耕作变体相当或显著更低。另一方面，油菜变体中的感染率显著高于没有填闲作物的变体，与杂草丛生变体中的感染率相当。从1966年秋季到1969年夏季，对腐生土壤微生物区系的发展以及其他一些土壤参数进行了调查。分别在主要作物谷类或马铃薯的影响下，观察到了分解强度的显著差异，但对于分解物——黑麦或油菜残茬——而言，未发现能解释对病原菌产生不同影响的差异。同样，也未发现细菌或放线菌具有拮抗活性的迹象。将这些结果与小麦黄斑叶枯病菌和其他土传病原菌的已知情况进行了比较。小麦黄斑叶枯病菌与另一方面的根部感染真菌在生物学上的差异似乎是解释所得结果的最重要因素。
